Upaya Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe dalam Menangani Konflik di Ukraina Timur

Authors

  • Muhammad Dedy Yanuar Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
  • Ali Muhammad Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Keywords:

OSCE, cooperative security, crisis, Crimea, Eastern Ukraine, Russia

Abstract

This article examines the role of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in handling the crisis in Eastern Ukraine in 2014. After the fall of pro-Russian Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych in 2014, Russia illegally annexed Crimea. The annexation was followed by the outbreak of armed conflict between pro-Russian separatist parties and the Ukrainian government in the Eastern Ukraine region. The conflict became protracted as Russia intervened in favor of the rebels. How was the OSCE’s effort in handling the crisis? This article shows that the OSCE has played a strategic role in responding to the crisis. First, the OSCE sought to bridge and alleviate tensions by engaging both conflicting parties through a comprehensive dialogue framework. Secondly, the OSCE sent a Special Monitoring Mission to intensively monitor the dynamics of the crisis in Eastern Ukraine. Thirdly, the OSCE implemented the Minority Rights Assessment Mission to protect national minorities in Ukraine. Fourthly, the OSCE also created the Interparliamentary Liaison Assembly to promote an open and comprehensive dialogue between countries to enable the de-escalation of conflicts in the region.

References

Buku

Bache, Ian dan Stephen George. Politics in the European Union. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Carlsnaes, Walter, Thomas Risse, dan Beth A. Simmons. Handbook Hubungan Internasional. Jakarta: Nusa Media, 2014.

Cohen, Richard dan Michael Mihalka. Cooperative Security: New Horizons for International Order. Garmisch-Partenkirchen: George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies, 2001.

Galbreath, David J. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. New York: Routledge, 2007.

Hadi, Sutrisno. Metodologi Riset. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2015.

Sandole, Dennis J.D. Peace and Security in the Postmodern World: The OSCE and Conflict Resolution. New York: Routledge, 2007.

Schouten, Peer. Theory Talks: Perbincangan Pakar Sedunia tentang Teori Hubungan Internasional. Yogyakarta: Lembaga Pengembangan Pendidikan, Penelitian, dan Masyarakat dan Pusat Pengkajian Strategi dan Kebijakan, 2012.

Jurnal

Haskelindos, Alkurni. “Upaya Organization for Security in Europe dalam Membantu Menangani Krisis Ukraina 2013-2014”. JOM FISIP UNRI, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Oktober 2015), hal 1-14.

Pujayanti, Adirini. “Posisi Rusia dan Perkembangan Krisis Ukraina”. Info Singkat Hubungan Internasional, Vol. 6, No. 13 (Juli 2014), hal. 5-8.

Dokumen Lain

Ischinger, Amb. Wolfgang. “Lessons Learned for the OSCE from its Engagement in Ukraine”. Interim Report and Recommendations of the Panel of Eminent Persons on European Security as a Common Project. Panel of Eminent Persons on European Security as a Common Project (17 Juni 2015).

Muladi. “Pemanfaatan Kerjasama Keamanan untuk Menghadapi Bahaya Keamanan Komprehensif dalam Rangka Ketahanan Nasional dan Memperkokoh NKRI”. PPRA dan PPSA Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional. Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional (2012).

OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. “Situation Assessment Report Roma in Ukraine and the Impact of the Current Crisis”. Field Assessment Visits. OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Report (29 September 2014).

OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine. “The Impact of the Crisis in Ukraine on its Western Regions”. Thematic Reports from the Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine. OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (30 Maret 2015).

OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine. “Civil Society and the Crisis in Ukraine”. Thematic Reports from the Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine. OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (11 Februari 2015).

Wahyu. Politik Luar Negeri Rusia terhadap Ukraina dalam Kasus Crimea. Skripsi Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (2015).

Internet

Adiladjali. “Di Rusia, Ban serukan dialog yang jujur dan konstruktif antara Kiev dan Moskow”. United Nations Information Centre Jakarta, 21 Maret 2014. http://unic-jakarta.org/2014/03/21/di-rusia-ban-serukan-dialog-yang-jujur-%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8Bdan-konstruktif-antara-kiev-dan-moskow/ (diakses pada tanggal 28 November 2015).

Aljazeera. Timeline: “Ukraine’s political crisis”. Aljazeera, 20 September 2014. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2014/03/timeline-ukraine-political-crisis-201431143722854652.html (diakses pada tanggal 28 November 2015).

BBC Indonesia. “Krisis Ukraina: ‘Pasukan khusus Rusia’ ditangkap”. BBC Indonesia, 18 Mei 2015. http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia/2015/05/150518_dunia_russia_soldiers (diakses pada tanggal 10 Oktober 2015).

BBC Indonesia. “Pertempuran Militer Ukraina dan Pemberontak Marak”. BBC Indonesia, 20 Januari 2015. http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia/2015/01/150120_ukraina_tempur_donetsk (diakses pada tanggal 28 November 2015).

BBC Indonesia. “Peta perdamaian Ukraina disepakati”. BBC Indonesia, 12 Februari 2015. http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia/2015/02/150212_ukraina_sepakat (diakses pada tanggal 10 Oktober 2015).

Berlianto. “Ukraina Wacanakan Penghapusan Hak Veto Rusia di PBB”. Sindonews.com, September 2015. http://international.sindonews.com/read/1046021/41/ukraina-wacanakan-penghapusan-hak-veto-rusia-di-pbb-1442499679 (diakses pada tanggal 10 Oktober 2015)..

Bima. “Standar Ganda Barat dalam Referendum di Skotlandia dan Ukraina”. Liputan Islam, 22 September 2014. http://liputanislam.com/berita/standar-ganda-barat-dalam-referendum-di-skotlandia-dan-ukraina/ (diakses pada tanggal 28 November 2015).

CNN Indonesia. “Gencatan Senjata Rusia-Ukraina Tak Efektif”. CNN Indonesia, 5 September 2014. http://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20140905174752-135-2599/gencatan-senjata-rusia-ukraina-tak-efektif/ (diakses pada tanggal 24 November 2015).

De Britto, Johannes Sutanto. “OSCE Jadi Aktor Penting di Tengah Krisis Ukraina”. Jaring News, 2015. http://jaringnews.com/internasional/uni-eropa/61410/osce-jadi-aktor-penting-di-tengah-krisis-ukraina (diakses pada tanggal 28 November 2015).

Galih, Bayu. “Dilema Ukraina, di Tengah Upaya Diplomasi dan Tuduhan AS ke Rusia”. Kompas.com, 6 Februari 2015. http://internasional.kompas.com/read/2015/02/06/06170061/Dilema.Ukraina.di.Tengah.Upaya.Diplomasi.dan.Tuduhan.AS.ke.Rusia (diakses pada tanggal 10 Oktober 2015).

IRIB. “Peta Jalan OSCE Selesaikan Krisis Ukraina”. IRIB World Service, 15 Mei 2014. http://indonesian.irib.ir/editorial/fokus/item/80338-Peta_Jalan_OSCE_Selesaikan_Krisis_Ukraina (diakses pada tanggal 10 Oktober 2015).

Liauw, Hindra. “Hampir 1.000 Tewas karena Konflik di Ukraina Timur”. Kompas.com, 21 November 2014. http://internasional.kompas.com/read/2014/11/21/05040011/Hampir.1.000.Tewas.karena.Konflik.di.Ukraina.Timur (diakses pada tanggal 10 Oktober 2015).

OSCE Economic and Environmental Activities. “Factsheet of the Office of the Co-ordinator of OSCE Economic and Environmental Activities”. OSCE, 20 Mei 2015. http://www.osce.org/eea/30348 (diakses pada tanggal 19 November 2015).

OSCE Forum for Security Co-operation. “Code of Conduct on Politico–Military Aspects of Security”. OSCE, 20 Mei 2015. http://www.osce.org/fsc/41355 (diakses pada tanggal 19 November 2015).

OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. “OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities Assess Inter-Ethnic Situation In South-Eastern Ukraine”. OSCE, 20 Mei 2015. http://www.osce.org/hcnm/198856 (diakses pada tanggal 28 November 2015).

OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. “OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities urges dialogue and compromise on ‘divisive’ language law in Ukraine”. OSCE, 20 Mei 2015. http://www.osce.org/hcnm/92418 (diakses pada tanggal 28 November 2015).

OSCE Observer Mission at the Russian Checkpoints Gukovo and Donetsk. “The OSCE Observer Mission at the Russian Checkpoints Gukovo and Donetsk, Who We Are”. OSCE, 20 Mei 2015. http://www.osce.org/om/121739 (diakses pada tanggal 28 November 2015).

OSCE Parliamentary Assembly. “Ukraine: Responding to the Crisis”. OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, 20 Mei 2015. http://www.oscepa.org/parliamentary-diplomacy/ukraine-responding-to-the-crisis (diakses pada tanggal 19 November 2015).

OSCE Special Monitoring Mission. “Special Monitoring Mission, What We Do”. OSCE, 20 Mei 2015. http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/117799 (diakses pada tanggal 28 November 2015).

OSCE Special Monitoring Mission. “Special Monitoring Mission, Who We Are”. OSCE, 20 Mei 2015. http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/117795 (diakses pada tanggal 28 November 2015).

OSCE. “Factsheet on OSCE Engagement with Ukraine, OSCE Response to the crisis in and around Ukraine”. OSCE, 1 Juni 2015. http://www.osce.org/home/125575 (diakses pada tanggal 28 November 2015).

OSCE. “Mandate of OSCE Project Coordinator in Ukraine”. OSCE, 20 Mei 2015. http://www.osce.org/ukraine/106005 (diakses pada tanggal 19 November 2015).

OSCE. “What We Do”. OSCE, t.thn. http://www.osce.org/what (diakses pada tanggal 26 Oktober 2015).

OSCE. “Who We Are”. OSCE, t.thn. http://www.osce.org/history (diakses pada tanggal 24 Oktober 2015).

Patnistik, Egidius. “Gencatan Senjata Ukraina Terancam”. Kompas.com, 8 September 2014. http://internasional.kompas.com/read/2014/09/08/12380721/Gencatan.Senjata.Ukraina.Terancam (diakses pada tanggal 10 Oktober 2015).

Ratna, Heppy. “Mogherini: tak ada penyelesaian militer bagi krisis Ukraina”. Antara News, 6 Maret 2015. http://www.antaranews.com/berita/483677/mogherini-tak-ada-penyelesaian-militer-bagi-krisis-ukraina (diakses pada tanggal 10 Oktober 2015).

Sasongko, Agung. “Rusia: Barat Tak Niat Selesaikan Krisis Ukraina”. Republika, 29 April 2014. http://www.republika.co.id/berita/internasional/global/14/04/29/n4shim-rusia-barat-tak-niat-selesaikan-krisis-ukraina (diakses pada tanggal 28 November 2015).

Tuwo, Andreas Gerry. “16-1-2014: Lewat Referendum Kontroversial, Crimea Gabung Rusia”. Liputan6.com, 16 Maret 2015. http://news.liputan6.com/read/2191339/16-1-2014-lewat-referendum-kontroversial-crimea-gabung-rusia (diakses pada tanggal 25 Maret 2015).

VOA Indonesia. “Krisis Ukraina”. VOA Indonesia, 10 Oktober 2015. http://www.voaindonesia.com/contentinfographics/krisis-ukraina/1869046.html (diakses pada tanggal 10 Oktober 2015).

VOA Indonesia. “Obama, Putin Akan Bahas Ukraina di New York”. VOA Indonesia, 10 Oktober 2015. http://www.voaindonesia.com/content/obama-putin-akan-bahas-ukraina-di-new-york/2978249.html (diakses pada tanggal 10 Oktober 2015).

Downloads

Published

01-12-2017

How to Cite

Yanuar, M. D., & Muhammad, A. (2017). Upaya Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe dalam Menangani Konflik di Ukraina Timur. Jurnal International & Diplomacy Universitas Satya Negara Indonesia, 3(1), 121–138. Retrieved from https://jurnalhiusni.org/index.php/idu/article/view/178

Issue

Section

Articles