IMMIGRATION SURVEILLANCE CONTRADICTIONS: HUNGARY’S LABOR MARKET PRAGMATISM AND INDONESIA’S MIGRANT PROTECTION DIPLOMACY, 2020–2026
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59314/bjgs.v4i2.328Keywords:
Labor Migration, Market-Oriented Surveillance, Sending-State Protection Diplomacy, Migrant Worker Protection, Indonesia–Hungary CorridorAbstract
This study analyzes the contradictions of global migration governance (2020–2026), where Hungary’s labor market pragmatism intersects with Indonesia’s proactive protection diplomacy. This study applies an integrated framework that elaborates on two core concepts, namely market-oriented surveillance that explains how host states operate borders as elastic economic filters to fulfill corporate labor needs amid anti-immigration politics, and sending-state protection diplomacy that describes the proactive interventions of the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Budapest and the Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Agency in establishing formal state-backed protections. Utilizing a qualitative method, this study finds that Hungary’s strict borders did not deter Indonesia from successfully employing procedural agency to build enclaves for the protection of migrant workers. This study contributes to filling an academic gap on the under-researched Indonesia–Hungary corridor in South–North literature in Central Europe. This study empirically contributes by mapping the capacities and limitations of Indonesia’s protection diplomacy vis-à-vis exploitation risks.
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