THAI BOYS’ LOVE: QUEER REPRESENTATION AND CULTURAL DIPLOMACY IN THAILAND’S SOFT POWER STRATEGY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59408/bjgs.v3i2.238Keywords:
Cultural Diplomacy, Thai Boys’ Love, Queer Representation, Soft Power, Southeast AsiaAbstract
Thai Boys’ Love has emerged as a powerful medium of cultural diplomacy, shaping Thailand’s image as a progressive and inclusive nation in Southeast Asia. This study examines how queer representation in Thai Boys’ Love is deployed as a tool of soft power in international relations. Using queer theory, media studies, and public diplomacy, the research explores the intersection of popular media narratives, regional reception, and cultural policy. The analysis focuses on three popular Thai Boys’ Love series: Love Sick, 2gether, and KinnPorsche, alongside an online survey of viewers in Indonesia and the Philippines. Findings reveal that queer representation in Thai Boys’ Love tends to be normative and aestheticized, featuring cisgender characters from urban middle-class backgrounds with personal conflicts. Digital distribution strategies and active regional fan communities have amplified the transnational reach of Thai Boys’ Love as a cultural product. This study concludes that Thai Boys’ Love functions as a form of cultural diplomacy, fostering emotional affiliation and positive perceptions of Thailand among regional audiences.References
ASEAN SOGIE Caucus. (2024, March 5). Queer visibility and media activism in Southeast Asia. https://aseansogie.org/queer-visibility-media-activism/
Bangkok Post. (2019). TAT launches LGBTQ-friendly campaign “Go Thai Be Free”. https://www.bangkokpost.com
Baudinette, T. (2019). Lovesick, The Series: Adapting Japanese 'Boys Love' to Thailand and the creation of a new genre of queer media. South East Asia Research, 27(2), 115–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/0967828X.2019.1627762
Baudinette, T. (2019). Queer Asia through Thai Boys’ Love television. In T. Baudinette (Ed.), Thai Boys Love Television and New Queer Asia (pp. 1–22). Routledge.
Baudinette, T. (2023). Boys Love Media in Thailand: Celebrity, Fans, and Transnational Asian Queer Popular Culture. Bloomsbury Academic.
Baudinette, T. (2023). Fandom and affective politics in Southeast Asian BL communities. Queer Media Studies Journal, 11(2), 88–102.
Baudinette, T. (2025). Exploring the rise of activism for LGBTQ+ rights in contemporary Thailand within Boys Love idol culture. Celebrity Studies, 16(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/19392397.2025.2521219
Chao, S.-Y., Chunsaengchan, P., & Chaochuti, T. (2024). Wer viewership and queer imag(in)ing: Thai soap opera Shadow of Love and Boys’ Love media. TRaNS: Trans-Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia, 13(1), 92–106. https://doi.org/10.1017/trn.2024.7
Chua, B. H., & Iwabuchi, K. (Eds.). (2008). East Asian pop culture: Analysing the Korean wave. Hong Kong University Press.
Duangwiset, P. (2025). Buddhism and LGBT tolerance in Thailand: Cultural acceptance or passive indifference? Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 56(1), 45–62.
Gross, L. (2001). Up from invisibility: Lesbians, gay men, and the media in America. Columbia University Press.
Hall, S. (Ed.). (1997). Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices. SAGE Publications & Open University Press.
Hidayat, A. F. (2024). The impact of Boys’ Love television series as a way of shaping Thailand’s LGBT rights acceptance. Global South Review, 6(2), 82–96. https://doi.org/10.22146/globalsouth.89451
Internal online survey. (2025). Survey of Thai BL viewers in Indonesia and the Philippines. Conducted by authors through online communities on Twitter and Reddit, June-July 2025.
Jackson, P. A. (2011). Queer Bangkok: 21st century markets, media, and rights. Hong Kong University Press.
Khang, D., & Toadithep, T. (2025). From Romance to Resistance: BL Thai and the Politics of Queer Visibility. Journal of Southeast Asian Media Studies, 12(1), 45–67.
Khang, T. V., & Toadithep, T. (2025). Fan Culture of Thai Boys Love Series in Vietnam. Journal of Man and Society, 11(1), 59–96. https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/husocjournal/article/view/278436
Lacap, J. M. (2023). Fan practices and queer affect in Philippine BL reception. Philippine Journal of Cultural Studies, 9(1), 33–52.
Lacap, J. P. (2023). Yaoi media consumption and travel motivation: Evidence from Filipino viewers of Thai boys’ love series. Advances in Southeast Asian Studies, 16(1), 125–143. https://doi.org/10.14764/10.ASEAS-0087
Lavin, M., Yang, L., & Zhao, J. J. (Eds.). (2017). Boys’ Love, Cosplay, and Androgynous Idols: Queer Fan Cultures in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Hong Kong University Press.
Lizada, M. A. N. (2022). A new kind of 2getherness: Screening Thai soft power in Thai Boys Love (BL) lakhon. In L. Mitchell & M. Samuel (Eds.), Streaming and screen culture in Asia-Pacific (pp. 125–144). Springer.
Lyajoon, S. (2024). BL Drama: The Thai Entertainment Industry as a Source of Soft Power. English Language, Literature & Culture, 9(3), 72–76. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ellc.20240903.13
McLelland, M. (2012). Love, Sex, and Democracy in Japan during the American Occupation. Palgrave Macmillan.
Melissen, J. (Ed.). (2005). The new public diplomacy: Soft power in international relations. Palgrave Macmillan.
Nye, J. S. (2004). Soft power: The means to success in world politics. PublicAffairs.
Otmazgin, N. (2013). Regionalizing culture: The political economy of Japanese popular culture in Asia. University of Hawai’i Press.
Pojchanaphong, D., & Kongduang, T. (2025). Exploring the representation of male homosexuals in Thai Boy Love series through critical discourse analysis. Chiang Mai University Journal of Humanities, 26, 36–55. https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JHUMANS/article/view/283110
Public comments on YouTube and Reddit (2025). Accessed and analyzed qualitatively in July 2025 for the KinnPorsche and 2gether series.
Public comments analysis. (2025). Compilation and interpretation of BL Thai audience comments on YouTube, Reddit, and Twitter. Accessed and analyzed by authors in July 2025.
Rakshita, A. (2025). Polylocal queer fandoms and transnational media flows: Thai BL in Southeast Asia. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 26(1), 55–70.
Siriyuvasak, U. (2016). Thai Media and the Politics of Representation. In Y. Kim (Ed.), Media and Culture in Southeast Asia (pp. 89–106). Palgrave Macmillan.
Thai PBS World. (2023, November 12). Thai BL dramas gain global popularity, sparking cultural diplomacy. Thai PBS World. https://www.thaipbsworld.com/thai-bl-dramas-global-popularity-cultural-diplomacy/
UNDP. (2019). Legal gender recognition in Thailand: A review of law and practice. United Nations Development Programme. https://www.undp.org/publications/legal-gender-recognition-thailand
Yue, A. (2017). Queer Asia as Method: Transnational Media and Cultural Politics. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 18(1), 1–13.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Roy Setiawan, Ansgrasia Jenifer Nyarimun, Naslika Amalia

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.