PENOLAKAN LOCKHEED MARTIN TERHADAP PENJUALAN JET TEMPUR F-35 KE TURKI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59408/bjgs.v3i1.221Keywords:
Lockheed Martin, F-35 JSF Fighter Jet, US National Security, CAATSA Sanctions Regime, Reputational Risk ThreatsAbstract
The research aims to analyze the factors influencing Lockheed Martin’s rejection of the sale of the F-35 JSF Fighter Jet to Turkey. The influential factors were examined using a single instrumental-explanatory case study research method. This method provides an in-depth understanding of Lockheed Martin’s decision by analyzing the causal relationships between variables based on the theory of the interests of the home country of multinational corporations and the theory of the nexus of contracts. Data were collected through a literature review and analyzed through several stages, including the selection of themes, topics, and cases; literature reading; formulation of research focus and problems; data collection; data refinement; data processing; data analysis; theoretical dialogue; and conclusion of research results. Based on the findings, Lockheed Martin’s rejection of the sale of the F-35 JSF Fighter Jet to Turkey was influenced by United States national security factors, compliance with the CAATSA sanctions regime, and reputational risk threats.
References
Anadolu Ajansi. (2019). Lockheed Martin: Watching US-Turkey F-35 Rift Closely. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/lockheed-martin-watching-us-turkey-f-35-rift-closely/1507778
BBC. (2019a). Turkey Defies US as Russian S-400 Missile Defence Arrives. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48962885
BBC. (2019b). US Gives Turkey Ultimatum on Russian Missiles. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48568282
BBC. (2019c). US Removes Turkey from F-35 Fighter Jet Programme. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-49023115
BBC. (2019d). Where does Turkey’s S-400 Missile Deal with Russia Leave the US? https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48962886
CNBC. (2019). US Cuts Turkey from F-35 Program After Russian Missile Deal. https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/17/us-cuts-turkey-from-f-35-program-after-russian-missile-deal.html
Defense News. (2019a). The US Air Force, Not Turkey, Is Frustrating Lockheed Execs on the F-35 Program. Defense News. https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2019/04/23/the-us-air-force-not-turkey-is-frustrating-lockheed-execs-on-the-f-35-program/
Defense News. (2019b). Turkey Officially Kicked Out of F-35 Program, Costing US Half a Billion Dollars. https://www.defensenews.com/air/2019/07/17/turkey-officially-kicked-out-of-f-35-program/
Gilpin, R. (1987). The Political Economy of International Relations. Princeton University Press.
Güvenç, S., & Yanık, L. K. (2012). Turkey’s Involvement in the F-35 Program: One Step Forward, Two Steps Backward? International Journal, 68(1), 111–129. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42704963
Hart, D. M. (2010). The Political Theory of the Firm. In The Oxford Handbook of Business and Governance (pp. 173–190). Oxford University Press. https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/34537/chapter-abstract/292972090?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false
Hayden, G. M., & Bodie, M. T. (2011). The Uncorporation and the Unraveling of “Nexus of Contracts” Theory. Michigan Law Review, 109(6), 1127–1144. https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1156&context=mlr
Hlatky, S. von, & Rice, J. (2018). Striking a Deal on the F-35: Multinational Politics and US Defence Acquisition. Defence Studies, 18(1), 19–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/14702436.2017.1417736
Howlett, A., Migone, A. R., & Howlett, M. (2023). The Politics of Military Procurement: The F-35 Purchasing Process in Canada and Australia Compared. Defence Studies, 23(2), 292–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/14702436.2022.2137494
Huebert, R. (2011). The Future of Canadian Airpower and the F-35. Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 17(3), 228–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2011.638196
Lockheed Martin Corporation. (2020). Lockheed Martin Corporation 2019 Annual Report. Lockheed Martin Corporation.
Lockheed Martin Corporation. (2021). Lockheed Martin Corporation 2020 Annual Report. https://www.lockheedmartin.com/content/dam/lockheed-martin/eo/documents/annual-reports/lockheed-martin-annual-report-2020.pdf
Lockheed Martin Corporation. (2022). Lockheed Martin Corporation 2021 Annual Report. Lockheed Martin Corporation. https://www.lockheedmartin.com/content/dam/lockheed-martin/eo/documents/annual-reports/lockheed-martin-annual-report-2021.pdf
Massie, J. (2011). Bandwagoning for Status: Canada’s Need of the F-35. Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 17(3), 251–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2011.638197
NPR. (2019). U.S.-Turkey Standoff Over F-35 Escalates As Each Side Waits For The Other To Blink. https://www.npr.org/2019/04/03/709222963/u-s-turkey-standoff-over-f-35-escalates-as-each-side-waits-for-the-other-to-blin
Odell, J. S. (2001). Case Study Methods in International Political Economy. International Studies Perspectives, 2(2), 161–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/1528-3577.00047
Plamondon, A. (2011). Amnesia in Acquisition: The Parallels of the F-35 Procurement and the Sea King Replacement Projects. Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 17(3), 265–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2011.638194
Reuters. (2019). U.S. Removing Turkey From F-35 Programme After Its Russian Missile Defence Purchase. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/world/us-removing-turkey-from-f-35-programme-after-its-russian-missile-defence-purch-idUSKCN1UC2GO/
Spero, J. E., & Hart, J. A. (2010). The Politics of International Economic Relations. Wadsworth.
Strategic Comments. (2019). Turkey, the S-400 and the F-35. Strategic Comments, 25(6), iv–vii. https://doi.org/10.1080/13567888.2019.1655877
Texas National Security Review. (2020). Washington’s F-35 Embargo Against Turkey—Success or Failure? http://warontherocks.com/2020/02/washingtons-f-35-embargo-against-turkey-success-or-failure/
The National Interest. (2019). U.S. Sanctions Will Not Stop Turkey’s Shift Towards Russia. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/lebanon-watch/us-sanctions-will-not-stop-turkeys-shift-towards-russia-73521/
Woodside, A. G. (2010). Case Study Research: Theory, Methods, and Practice. Emerald Group Publishing. https://www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com/archived/products/books/notable/page.htm%3Fid%3D9781849509220
Yetim, H. T., & Hazar, A. (2023). S400s, Sanctions and Defiance: Explaining Turkey’s Quest for Strategic Autonomy and the US Response. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 23(1), 179–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2022.2095698
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). SAGE Publications. https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/case-study-research-and-applications/book250150
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Sirwan Yazid Bustami, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, I Ketut Suardana, M. Ridho Rezkita
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
